By Dr. Steve Carol
Tuesday, October 10, 2006
Have Judea and Samaria been figuratively lost? Judea and Samaria are the historically biblical names for the highland regions of the Land of Israel, with Samaria in the north and Judea to the south. They are the definitive and proper political and geographic names for the region and have been in general use since Clearchus, a disciple of aristotle. These two areas have no other names. These names were used during the League of Nations Mandate period. They appear in British government documents, United Nations documents including the UN Partition Plan of 1947. They appear in U.S. State Department documents, including a July 18, 1948 map. Even as late as 1961, the Encyclopaedia Britannica refers to "Judaea" and "Samaria" in an article on "Palestine" (Vol. 17, p. 118).
Trans-Jordan illegally invaded Judea-Samaria in 1948 and as a result of its aggression occupied that region. It then unilaterally annexed the area on april 4, 1950, which was recognized by only two nations, the United Kingdom and Pakistan.
The arab League, their Muslim supporters, anti-Israel elements and anti-Semites, deliberately sought to rob the region of its correct political and geographic name. They had to fabricate a brand new name for they could find no other name for the territory. Mislabeling was their technique of disinformation and de-legitimization. The "West Bank" was the name concocted by King abdullah I of Trans-Jordan and his British advisors, allowing the king to annex land outside of his artificially "created" kingdom. He then changed the name of his kingdom twice, first to "The Hashemite Kingdom of the Jordan" but that was quickly rejected since it gave the appearance of a kingdom only along the banks of the Jordan River. The name then was changed again to the "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan." The term "West Bank" eradicates all Jewish historical connection to the area. It is a sad commentary that many in the West, including the political left, many Israel's supporters, some Israelis themselves, as well as the naive and self-delusional who think the name does not matter, have acquiesced to this unilateral change of names and use it in common parlance. But the name does matter. Similarly, the arabs insist on calling the Persian Gulf, the "arabian Gulf" and Iran's Khuzistan province, "arabistan." Why then doesn't much of the world call the Persian Gulf "arabian?" Is there a double standard at work here?
Besides the political origins of the phrase, one must wonder from a geographical perspective how wide a river bank can be? a river bank may be a few feet or so, but not some 30 miles deep from the river! Just because a new name is invented, does not mean the world should adopt it in common usage. Does an aggressor get rewarded with the additional bonus of a geographic name change designed to eradicate the historic name of a region? In March 1939, Germany renamed the present-day Czech Republic, "Bohmen und Mohren" after seizing that land by aggressive act. During World War II, Germany invaded, occupied and annexed part of Russia calling it "Ostland." Do we use those terms today? Do we call Mexico the "South Bank" because it borders on the Rio Grande? Should we rename Serbia, the "West Bank" (of Europe) because it lies to the west of the Danube River and re-designate Poland the "East Bank" due to its location east of the Oder-Neisse Rivers?
Long before most of media capitulated to protests over Danish cartoons and statements by the Pope, the media and many in the world, out of fear and intellectual laziness agreed to obfuscate the truth by surrendering the use of the name Judea-Samaria and adopt the term "West Bank."
The Roman emperor Hadrian in 135 CE after suppressing the Jewish revolt led by Bar Kochba, attempted to eradicate Jewish nationhood, statehood and any connection to the Land of Israel. He renamed the territory "Palestina" - after the Philistines, the ancient adversaries of the Israelites. Seeking to erase the Jewish connection to Jerusalem the Romans razed the city and named the city built atop the rubble, "aelia Capitolina." Nevertheless as late as the 4th century, the Christian author, Epiphanius, referred to "Palestina, that is Judea." Despite this "Palestina" is still Israel, aelia Capitolina is still Jerusalem and the West Bank is still Judea-Samaria.
Dr. Steven Carol
Prof. of History (retired)
Official historian on The Middle East Radio Forum www.middleeastradioforum.org
Senior Fellow: Center for advanced Middle East Studies www.camesinfo.com
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